Art & Culture

Christine Cézanne-Thauss, a visionary artist, has embarked on a creative odyssey that traverses prestigious biennales, art fairs, and festivals across the globe. Her artistic prowess first garnered recognition at the 22nd ICAA International Art Festival in Seoul, South Korea, in 2014. Since then, her artistic journey has been a whirlwind of success, leaving an indelible mark at events like the 7th International Art Meet in Kolkata, India, the Art Fair at Dongdaemun Design Plaza in South Korea, and the 18th Asia Art Biennale in Bangladesh.

In the year 2020, Christine’s art took center stage at the 17th Asian African Mediterranean International Contemporary Art exhibition in Qingdao, China, and the 26th Seoul International Art Festival in South Korea. Her ability to seamlessly blend cultural influences into her work has made her art resonate with a diverse and global audience.

The year 2021 saw Christine showcase her unique perspective and vision at the 28th International Art Festival WCAA in Seoul, South Korea. Her profound artistic expressions continued to captivate art enthusiasts worldwide. In 2022, she received a prestigious invitation to the 8th Geoje International Art Festival in Haegeumgang Theme Museum, South Korea, where she once again mesmerized audiences with her ability to create immersive and transformative artistic experiences.

In 2023, Christine Cézanne-Thauss became part of the World Heritage Art Festival in Kathmandu, Nepal, skillfully merging her artistic vision with the rich cultural heritage of the Himalayan nation.

Throughout her journey, Christine has defied the confines of contemporary art, proving that it transcends geographical borders and speaks a universal language. Her art possesses the transformative power to foster understanding, evoke emotions, and inspire change. Christine’s invaluable contributions to the global art community have solidified her position as an artist whose impact is timeless and boundless.

With her illuminating art, Christine Cézanne-Thauss continues to carve an extraordinary path, illuminating the world through the prism of creativity and artistic brilliance. Her work serves as a testament to the profound influence art can have on bridging cultures and forging connections, leaving an enduring legacy for generations to come.

Nina Diakovasili, a celebrated painter hailing from Kallithea, Athens, has carved an illustrious path in the art world, leaving a lasting impact through her creative brilliance and philanthropic endeavors. Her artistic journey, spanning numerous personal and collective exhibitions, has earned her international acclaim and recognition for her outstanding contributions to the realm of visual arts.

A Life Committed to Art

After graduating from “ABC Ecole de Paris” in Athens, Nina Diakovasili made a conscious decision to pursue her passion for art, delving into the vibrant world of painting. Her dedication to her craft has borne fruit in the form of seven personal gallery exhibitions, each showcasing her unique artistic expression and creative vision. Beyond her solo showcases, she has been a prominent participant in a multitude of group exhibitions, both within Greece and on the international stage.

A Brush That Speaks

Nina Diakovasili’s artistic journey extends beyond the canvas; her evocative artwork has graced the pages of three children’s books, lending her creative touch to the world of storytelling. Her illustrations have enchanted young readers and added an extra dimension of magic to the tales.

Awards and Honors: Celebrating Artistic Excellence

Nina Diakovasili’s artwork has not gone unnoticed, and she has been recognized with numerous awards throughout her career. Her artistic excellence was acknowledged by the Philological Association “Parnassus,” who honored her for her mesmerizing piece titled “The Last Supper.” The Association of Greek Writers also celebrated her significant contributions to society and art, solidifying her place as an esteemed artist.

A Global Advocate for Art and Culture

Nina Diakovasili’s unwavering dedication to the arts has led to her election as the Chairwoman of the Board of UNESCO TLEE Club, a prestigious position she holds with pride. Through this role, she advocates for the promotion of art and culture, fostering an environment where creativity can thrive and artists can flourish.

A Trailblazing Exhibitor: From Greece to the World

Nina Diakovasili’s artistic journey has taken her beyond the borders of Greece. Her participation in group exhibitions has allowed her art to transcend geographical boundaries, with showcases in cities such as Bologna, Sesuolo, and Livorno in Italy, as well as in London, Paris, and Vienna. Her artistic prowess has been acknowledged and celebrated by audiences worldwide.

A Heart for Philanthropy: Empowering Causes Through Art

Beyond her artistic pursuits, Nina Diakovasili’s heart is dedicated to making a difference in the world. She has been honored by various organizations and festivals for her philanthropic endeavors. Notably, she received awards from the World Philosophical FORUM for her contributions to humanitarian causes and was recognized as a “Citizen of the World,” exemplifying her commitment to positive change.

Artistry Enriching Public Spaces

Nina Diakovasili’s work can be found adorning various public locations, including the Municipality of Sparta, the Municipality of Kallithea, and Malevizi in Crete. Her artworks have also found a home at the 110th Fighter Wing in Larissa, the Air Command of Elefsina, and various other locations, where her creations evoke emotions and inspire the public.

Beyond Boundaries: Inspiring Young Minds

In addition to her illustrious career as a painter, Nina Diakovasili has also lent her artistic talent to the world of children’s literature. She has illustrated four children’s books, captivating young minds with her enchanting illustrations and creating a lifelong love for art and storytelling.

Nina Diakovasili’s artistic brilliance and commitment to philanthropy have made her a beloved figure in the art world and beyond. With her brush as her voice, she continues to create masterpieces that touch hearts and inspire change. Her artistic journey is a testament to the transformative power of creativity, and her legacy will undoubtedly inspire generations of artists and philanthropists to come.

George Lenis, a prolific artist hailing from Piraeus, is a living testament to the power of creativity and dedication to the arts. With an impressive range of training and expertise in various artistic disciplines, he has become a renowned figure in the Greek art scene. Currently residing in Ilioupoli, his influence reaches beyond national borders, with his artworks adorning private collections and public spaces overseas.

A Journey of Diverse Artistic Training

George Lenis’s artistic journey began with a thirst for knowledge and a passion for creativity. He pursued training in a wide array of artistic disciplines, which served as the foundation for his multifaceted career. From hagiography and mural painting to stained glass and brush-spatula techniques, pastel and charcoal drawing, watercolour (aquarelle), engraving, pottery, and ceramic techniques, George Lenis has mastered a diverse range of art forms. His dedication to learning and honing his skills has undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping his artistic identity.

A Trailblazer in Group Exhibitions

George Lenis’s artistic expressions have not remained confined to the studio. Throughout his career, he has actively participated in group exhibitions, showcasing his talent in hagiography, painting, and ceramics. These exhibitions have provided him with a platform to share his artistic vision with both local audiences in Greece and international art enthusiasts abroad. His works have graced galleries and cultural spaces, captivating the hearts and minds of art connoisseurs.

Championing the Arts: Chairman of PELT and Beyond

As a prominent figure in the Greek artistic community, George Lenis has assumed leadership roles in several esteemed organizations. He currently holds the prestigious position of Chairman of the Board of Directors of PELT, the “Panhellenic Society of Speech and Art.” Through this role, he actively advocates for the promotion of art and culture, fostering a vibrant artistic environment in Greece. Furthermore, he is a valued member of the “Association for the Promotion of Traditional and Modern Ceramics & Handicrafts,” where he continues to contribute to the preservation and growth of traditional crafts.

A Cultural Ambassador: UNESCO Group and Municipal Engagements

George Lenis’s dedication to the arts extends to his involvement with the UNESCO Group of Piraeus and Islands. As a member of this esteemed organization, he has become a cultural ambassador, representing the rich artistic heritage of Greece on the global stage. Moreover, his passion for art and culture led him to serve as a member of the Board of Directors of the Municipal Library – Cultural Center of the Municipality of Ilioupoli, Attica, where he actively contributed to the local cultural landscape.

An Artist’s Legacy: Enriching Private and Public Spaces

George Lenis’s artistic legacy is etched not only in the annals of the Greek art scene but also in the hearts of collectors worldwide. His captivating artworks have found their way into private collections, where they continue to inspire and delight art enthusiasts. Additionally, public spaces in various municipalities and overseas locations proudly feature his artistic creations, enhancing the cultural ambiance of these places.

George Lenis’s artistic journey is a testament to the transformative power of creativity, dedication, and artistic exploration. As he continues to enrich the world with his artistic endeavors, his contributions to the arts and culture will undoubtedly leave an indelible mark, inspiring generations of artists to come. With each brushstroke and each creation, George Lenis illuminates the profound beauty of the human spirit through the universal language of art.

Hailing from Azhikode, Kannur, Shyju Azhikode has emerged as a celebrated artist known for his captivating paintings that beautifully depict the ever-changing seasons and the profound beauty of nature. With his unique watercolor wash style and a portfolio of over 1300 recent paintings, Shyju’s artwork carries a sense of timelessness and an unwavering connection to the natural world.

Growing up in Azhikode, Shyju’s love for art was nurtured from a young age. He discovered his passion for capturing the beauty of nature on canvas, a fascination that would guide his artistic journey in the years to come. Inspired by the scenic landscapes and diverse elements of his surroundings, Shyju’s artwork began to reflect the deep connection he felt with the world around him.

Through the use of watercolors, pen, and pencil, Shyju skillfully brings his artistic vision to life, captivating viewers with his ability to evoke the essence of different seasons and landscapes. His paintings display a mastery of techniques, creating an interplay of colors and textures that make each piece come alive. From the vibrant hues of summer to the serene beauty of winter, Shyju’s artwork resonates with viewers, transporting them to a world where nature takes center stage.

Shyju’s artistic journey was shaped by the guidance and encouragement he received from renowned painters Saddu Aliyur and Lohitakshan. Their mentorship played a pivotal role in honing his skills and refining his unique watercolor wash style. Inspired by their teachings, Shyju embraced the medium of watercolors, allowing him to capture the delicate nuances and ephemeral qualities of nature.

With a strong educational foundation, Shyju studied at Azhikode Government High School before pursuing a diploma in textile technology. Seeking to further his artistic education, he enrolled at Geetanjali College of Fine Arts in Kannur, where he delved deeper into his passion for painting. After working as a painter in the Gulf for a decade, Shyju returned to his roots and currently serves as an art teacher at the Cochin Kalabhavan branch in Kannur. Through his role as an art educator, Shyju imparts his knowledge and passion for art to aspiring artists, nurturing the next generation of creative minds.

Shyju’s paintings have garnered recognition through their participation in art camps and film exhibitions. Additionally, his sketches have been featured in various magazines, capturing the intricate details of old buildings, temples, and Theiya. His commitment to preserving the beauty of heritage and architecture is evident in these meticulous sketches, which serve as a testament to his artistic versatility and attention to detail.

Beyond his artistic accomplishments, Shyju finds support and inspiration in his family. His wife, KV Sreeja, and their children, Sayashyju and Adishkrishna, are constant sources of encouragement, providing a strong foundation for his creative pursuits. Shyju’s brothers, Sujith and the late Ranjith, also share a deep connection and appreciation for his artistic journey, further reinforcing his dedication to his craft.

As we immerse ourselves in the enchanting world of Shyju Azhikode’s artwork, we are reminded of the profound beauty and interconnectedness of nature. Through his paintings, Shyju invites us to pause, appreciate, and celebrate the timeless wonders that surround us. His ability to capture the essence of seasons and landscapes serves as a reminder of the ever-present magic in the world, waiting to be discovered and cherished.

With his unwavering commitment to his craft, Shyju Azhikode continues to inspire and captivate art enthusiasts with his remarkable talent and artistic vision. His artwork serves as a testament to the transformative power of art and the enduring connection between humans and nature. As we explore his paintings, let us embark on a journey of discovery, connecting with the timeless beauty that unfolds on Shyju’s canvas.

Born in 1954 in a charming village in the province of Bologna, Italy, Silla Campanini has been captivated by the beauty of the earth and the vibrant hues of colors from a young age. Her artistic journey has taken her on a path of exploration, where she has ventured from technical consultancy to teaching and has become a distinguished image educator, collaborating on pictorial and educational projects in both public and private institutes.

In 2016, Silla Campanini’s immense talent and contributions to the arts were recognized when she was honored as a member artist of the art and culture department of the Belgrade Academy of Sciences and Arts. Her numerous international relationships and collaborations exemplify her belief in the transformative power of art, promoting peace and brotherhood among people.

Silla Campanini’s artistic prowess has been celebrated through numerous personal and collective exhibitions held both nationally and internationally. Her unique and original works of art have found their place in art books, catalogs, and various publications. They grace the walls of modern art galleries, national and international museums, as well as public and private structures, enchanting audiences with their undeniable allure.

As an eclectic and multifaceted artist, Silla Campanini excels in various artistic disciplines. Her paintings are a testament to absolute originality, inviting viewers on a journey into a world of fantasy and dreamlike metaphysical abstraction. Her art transcends the confines of time and space, delving into the intricate depths of dramatized thought forms that reside within the collective unconscious. Through her imaginative means, she unveils the hidden aspects of the human dimension, evoking profound emotional engagement.

Silla Campanini’s art presents itself as a source of inspiration, memory, and a nascent dramatization where reality and symbol converge, transforming into symbolism, metaphor, and allegory. Her works resonate with the stormy peaks of an undulating soul, as eloquently described by Alfredo Pasolino.

Her art communicates through a non-verbal language, fluid and unobtrusive, permeating the observer with the ability to make discerning choices. The authenticity of her art is undisputed, free from oppressive features or excessive use of colors. Silla possesses an innate understanding of where to apply her touch, emphasizing certain aspects with precision or employing a light touch to skillfully blend elements together. Her artistic process is purposeful, with the brush coming to life, the arm and hand moving confidently, and her eyes, as if in a trance, choosing the hues and guiding the selection of colors to create suitable gradations for each work in progress. Symbols and visual effects emerge organically from her artwork, individually grasped and differing from one viewer to another.

Art, in its purest form, does not require explanation; it speaks to the heart and captivates the eye of the beholder. Silla Campanini’s masterpieces are no exception, as they possess a unique quality that resonates deeply with each admirer. It is in those moments of connection that her works elevate themselves beautifully and gracefully to the realm of true artistic mastery.

Silla Maria Campanini’s artistic journey continues to inspire and enchant, leaving an indelible mark on the world of art. Her creativity and imagination serve as a beacon, illuminating the path for fellow artists and art enthusiasts alike.

Elham Hamedi, born in Shiraz, Iran in 1967, is an internationally acclaimed multimedia artist, poet, and curator. With a master’s degree in artistic research from the University of Yazd in Iran, she has established herself as a prominent figure in the world of visual arts and literature. Hamedi is a permanent member of the Scientific Association of Visual Arts of Iran, an executive member of the Writers Capital International Foundation, and an IFCH Ambassador, further solidifying her influence and contributions to the artistic community.

A prolific writer, Hamedi is the author of the book of poems titled “UN COLPO ALLA TESTA ERA UNO ZAQBOOR,” published by Terra d’ulivi Edizioni-Italia in Italy. Her poetic prowess has garnered international recognition, leading to numerous literary awards and accolades. Notably, she was selected to participate in the First Biennial of Contemporary Art Della Murgia in 2021, a prestigious platform that celebrates artistic innovation and expression.

Hamedi’s poetic talent shines through her involvement in the Iside International Prize (IX Edition) Literary Arts 2021 held in Procida, Italy. Her exceptional work earned her a place among the selected poets who showcased their artistic vision at the event. Additionally, her poems and artistic works have been featured in esteemed international anthologies, magazines, and websites, further amplifying her reach and impact.

As a multidimensional artist, Hamedi has showcased her works in personal and group art exhibitions across different countries. Her artistic expressions transcend boundaries, captivating audiences with her unique perspective and creative interpretations. Through her art, she delves into profound themes and explores the intricacies of the human experience, leaving a lasting impression on viewers.

Hamedi’s remarkable achievements have garnered recognition worldwide. She was awarded the prestigious 2022 International Literary Award titled “Women for Culture and Peace” in Mestre, Venice, Italy, in recognition of her outstanding contributions to culture and literature. Her poem “CESSATE IL FUOCO” was honored with the “Parole di Libertà” prize at the 2022 edition of the International Prize for Literary Art “Il Canto di Dafne” in Italy, showcasing her poetic prowess and ability to evoke powerful emotions through her words.

Continuing her winning streak, Hamedi was bestowed with the esteemed “Emozioni Poetiche 2023” (“Memorial Otmaro Maestrini”) International Award in Milan, Italy, for her poetry collection “I MIEI CAPELLI MORTI.” This recognition further solidifies her position as a poetic force, captivating readers with her poignant verses.

Hamedi’s impact extends beyond the literary realm. Her poem “Cessate il Fuoco” earned her the “Prize on Peace” at the “Il Concorso Festival Mondiale di Poesia e Narrativa” (“The World Poetry and Narrative Festival Competition”), emphasizing her ability to contribute meaningfully to conversations on peace and harmony.

The prestigious “Premio Intercontinentale di Arte Letteraria ‘Le Nove Muse'” recognized Hamedi’s exceptional artistic contributions in Naples in June 2023, awarding her the 2nd Prize Voices from the World – Foreign Authors for her poem “Paradiso nascosto.” This acknowledgement further cements her position as a global artist pushing boundaries and captivating audiences with her profound insights.

In addition, Hamedi received an honorable mention for her book “UN COLPO ALLA TESTA ERA UNO ZAQBOOR” at the “Premio Internazionale di Poesia – Letteratura – Arte Visuale ‘Isola d’Elba – Ascoltando i Silenzi del Mare'” (“Isola d’Elba – Listening to the Silences of the Sea”) in its sixth edition in 2023. This recognition showcases her ability to touch hearts and minds with her literary endeavors.

Hamedi’s artistic excellence extends to the “Premio Eccellenza Mondiale Cesar Vallejo 2023,” where she was honored with the “César Vallejo Award for Artistic Excellence 2023” by the UEH, affirming her significant contributions to the arts.

In recognition of her Italian language proficiency, Hamedi was awarded the “Diploma of Merit” in Section B Italian Language at the 8th International Poetry and Narrative Competition “Città di Cefalù” in 2022-23, further highlighting her versatile talents.

Elham Hamedi’s journey as an artist and poet exemplifies unwavering dedication and a profound passion for artistic expression. Her works transcend borders and cultures, resonating with audiences worldwide. With each stroke of her brush and every word she pens, she leaves an indelible mark on the global art scene, enriching the lives of those who encounter her extraordinary creations.

Dr. Sreekar Balasundaram is a renowned figure in both the medical field and the world of art. Currently serving as the Professor and Head of Department in Cardiothoracic Surgery at St. John’s Medical College Hospital in Bangalore, Dr. Balasundaram has also established himself as a talented artist with a deep passion for painting.

In 1987, Dr. Balasundaram completed a Diploma in Fine Arts from Santhanams Chitra Vidyalayam in Chennai, India. Since then, he has held numerous solo painting exhibitions in both India and Australia, showcasing his unique artistic style and capturing the attention of art enthusiasts.

Dr. Balasundaram’s paintings exhibit bold strokes and predominantly earthy colors, layered with rich textures. His subjects range from religious icons to human forms, often carrying philosophical undertones. Among his most beloved works are those centered around Lord Ganesha, the deity known for removing obstacles. Dr. Balasundaram’s portrayals of Lord Ganesha vary from surreal and modern interpretations to abstract expressions, reflecting his creativity and versatility as an artist.

When asked about his passion for painting, Dr. Balasundaram shared, “I have been painting much before I became a doctor, or more specifically, a specialized surgeon. Painting Lord Ganesha is special to me as He challenges and satisfies my creative aspirations.” Despite his demanding schedule as a surgeon, Dr. Balasundaram finds solace in his creative pursuits, viewing painting as a form of stress relief that nourishes the mind and soul.

Dr. Balasundaram’s artistic talents have garnered attention from the media and art community. His exhibitions have been featured in esteemed publications such as Pune’s Sakaal Times in 2014 and Bangalore’s Deccan Herald in 2019, highlighting his remarkable journey as a heart doctor with a diploma in fine arts.

Some notable exhibitions where Dr. Balasundaram’s artworks have been showcased include Vangmai Charcha Mandal in Belgaum (2003), Venkatappa Art Gallery in Bangalore (2004, 2017), Ethos Art Gallery in Bangalore (2007), St. Victoria’s Hospital in Melbourne, Australia (2009), Lady Jehangir Kothari Memorial Hall in Bangalore (2012), Achalam Art Gallery in Chennai (2014), and Darpan Art Gallery in Pune (2014), among others.

Dr. Sreekar Balasundaram’s remarkable ability to excel in both the medical field and the arts serves as an inspiration to many. His dedication to both his patients and his creative pursuits demonstrates the harmonious relationship between medicine and art, and how each can enrich the other in profound ways.

 

The Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire after the split in power and is therefore also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire or Byzantium. Byzantium (Ancient Greek: Βυζάντιον) was an ancient Greek city colonized by the Greeks from Megara in the 7th century BC. It was named Constantinople in honour of the Emperor Constantine the Great (306-337 AD), who was the first to convert to Christianity in 312 A.D putting the Empire on the road towards Christianization. In 381, during the reign of Theodosius I, it became the official state religion of the Eastern Roman Empire turning Constantinople into a thriving religious center. It was the capital of the thousand-year existence of the Byzantine Empire, which was not only primarily Greek-speaking, but also influenced by Greek culture, philosophy and traditions until its conquest by the Ottoman Empire in 1453 AD.

Constantinople was chosen to be the capital of the Byzantine Empire as it was the crossing point between the continents of Europe, Asia and later Africa as well as playing an important role in commerce, culture, diplomacy, and strategy. It was the centre of the Greek world, and the Greek language was the lingua franca at that time. It was the language in which the New Testament was written as well as being the primary liturgical language of the church. Therefore, Constantinople is generally considered to be the ‘cradle of Orthodox Christian civilization’. From the mid-5th century to the early 13th century, Constantinople was the largest and the wealthiest city in Europe. The Church of the Holy Wisdom (Hagia Sophia – Greek: Αγία Σοφία) in the 530s was built under Emperor Justinian I. It is considered the epitome of Byzantine architecture and has influenced the architecture of not only the churches of the Christian world, but also the Ottoman mosques.

The Great Schism of 1054 divided the Christian church into two major branches: the Western Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. This came about due to a complex mixture of religious disagreements and political conflicts. For example, whether it was acceptable to use unleavened bread for communion (the west supported the practice, the east did not). Another point was whether clerics should remain celibate. The west believed that they should, whereas the east did not. The political conflict also had to do with who was the religious leader. Rome felt that the pope should have authority over the patriarch in Constantinople. However, Constantinople disagreed. Although the two churches have never reunited, the two branches of Christianity have come to terms with each other.

The Crusades that took part in the Middle East to recover Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Islamic rule, would prove to be the Trojan Horse for the eventual downfall of the Byzantine Empire. These series of religious wars were supported and often directed by the Latin Church in Rome between 1095 and 1291.

The First Crusade, which resulted in the recovery of Jerusalem in 1099 was followed by many more. However, the sacking of Constantinople in April 1204 marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. After the capture of the city, which the Crusader armies looted and destroyed a large part of, Balwin of Flanders was crowned Emperor Baldwin I of Constantinople in Hagia Sophia.

Most of the Byzantine Empire’s territories were divided up among the Crusaders. However, several small independent states were established by the Byzantine aristocrats, one of them being the Empire of Nicaea, which eventually recaptured Constantinople in 1261 and proclaimed the reinstatement of the Empire. Unfortunately, the restored Empire never managed to reclaim its former territorial or economic strength. Eventually, it fell to the rising Ottoman Empire on 29 May 1453 after a siege of 53 days. This outcome wounded the relationship between the Catholic and Orthodox churches for many centuries and it is only in modern times that they have been reconciled.

Despena Dalmaris

 

 

 

 

Christmas is celebrated to remember the birth of Jesus Christ. The name ‘Christmas’ comes from the ‘Mass of Christ’. It is a Mass service where Christians remember that Jesus died and then came back to life. The ‘Christ-Mass’ service was the only one that was allowed to take place after sunset (and before sunrise the next day), so people had it at midnight. Therefore, ‘Christ-Mass’ has been shortened to ‘Christmas’.

December 25th corresponds to the date of the winter solstice and is exactly nine months after the Annunciation of the birth of Christ to Mary by Archangel Gabriel, and the date of the spring equinox. Most Christians celebrate on December 25 in the Gregorian calendar, but a part of the Eastern Orthodox Churches celebrate with the older Julian calendar, which means that Christmas is celebrated on January 7.
Each country has its own unique way of celebrating this festive season. Some of the traditions in Greece are very old even though not all are practiced in the cities.

As Greece is a sea-fairing country, it was customary in many households on the islands and on the coast to decorate a wooden ship, which symbolizes the new direction that the birth of Jesus gives to human life. It was gradually replaced by the Christmas tree with the reign of Otto I, the first king of Greece in 1832. Recently, more people and municipalities are bringing back the custom of decorating a ship in place of the Christmas tree.

Carols, which are folk songs of greeting and praise with Byzantine roots, are sung on Christmas Eve, New Year’s Eve, and Epiphany. Children go from house to house accompanied by the traditional instrument of the triangle singing the carols and today instead of sweets they are given money.

The making of the Christopsomo (The Bread of Christ) on Christmas Eve is another custom. The main feature is the decorating of the bread with the cross and other Christian symbols.

The Christoxylo (Christmas wood) is burned throughout the festivities in the countryside areas of Greece. It burns from Christmas Eve until Epiphany. This is to stop the Goblins from creating havoc as they are only afraid of fire until, with the sprinkling of the Holy Water on Epiphany Day, they are forced to return to the depths of the Earth.

Santa Claus comes on New Year’s Eve instead of Christmas Day. This is the time when the Greek people exchange gifts. It is the feast of Saint Basil where the vasilopita, ‘the cake of Vasilios’ is baked with a coin inside. Saint Basil came from Cappadocia in Asia Minor and would help the poor people in his area. Whoever has the coin in his piece, will have luck throughout the year.

Lastly, on New Year’s morning, when the family returns from church, the man of the house breaks the pomegranate on the threshold and then enters the house with his right foot. This symbolizes health, happiness, and wealth all year round.

Besides the Christmas Kalanta that are sung by groups of children from house to house, many poems with the theme of the birth of Jesus Christ have been written by well-known Greek poets. One such poem is the following written by Kostis Palamas (1859-1943), the Patriarch of Modern Greek poetry and author of the Olympic Anthem. He was a leading figure in the literary world of the 1880s. He explores the post-classical and post-Byzantine Greek world. Palamas’ strong religious and liturgical connotations, unifies spiritual, philosophical, and historic notions of Hellenism. The divine birth is a recurring theme in Palamas’ poetry, a spiritual celebration of redemption and humility. His poem ‘Christmas’ is well-known and much loved.

CHRISTMAS

What light, what colour and beauty sprinkle the stars,
where to the Manger of Christ, the Magi have been brought.
A miracle in which we all long to be a part of,
even if only a straw in the stable,
when Christ opened his eyes towards the sun.
To see his first glance and his smile,
the crown of rays around his forehead.
Let me shine from his glow, just like a diamond,
and from his divine breath to become a flower.
Το smell of fragrances from scents
that were placed at His feet, when worshipped by the Magi.

Oh, oh, Christmas at the family table,
that goes hand in hand with appetite and plays with love.
The glasses tinkle sweetly, the plates sparkle,
around is foolish old age and hard-working youth.
The turkey in the middle is hot and smelling good,
Mother gives advice and scatters happiness … Nativity of Jesus by Botticelli
And look, grandfather begins a tireless speech
about Christmas, a well-known and ancient story…

To be in the stable a piece of straw, a poor piece,
at the time when Christ opens his eyes, to the first rays of the sun.

Despena Dalmaris

Speaking of art, we delve into a special artist, Filippo Papa, according to whom and in his words: “Non è solo corpo ma anima, forza e culture”. Filippo Papa has just performed his last holoperformance “Desnudo” in the III Edition Canal´Art 2022, Ajuntament de Santanyí, in Mallorca (Spain), performed for the first time in October 2022 in the “Estudi Garrit”.

“Desnudo” is the new artistic performance by the artist Filippo Papa after “Regeneration” which he re-presented at the Biennale Amedeo Modigliani in Venezia. This new performance is part of the concepts devised and promoted by Papa: Holoperformance with the dematerialization of the body through holography and the use of the “Skin Collage” technique.

The philosophy of the project is based on a detailed study by Papa of the performing arts, of the artistic nude to focus on a specific work “La Maja Desnuda” one of the best-known paintings by Francisco Goya made around 1800. It is a portrait revolutionary, where for the first time the naked body is represented without any mythological reference that justifies its nudity. Its importance, therefore, is not only due to the pictorial technique but also to the symbolic historical primacy that it holds, since “La Maja Desnuda” is portrayed in a seductive attitude with her hands crossed behind her head, a direct gaze and provocative, who is not afraid of being seen is a self-confident woman.

It is true that defining art is a complex and difficult task. Thus, art must be understood as a skill that seeks an aesthetic result (Hatcher, 1999) through imagination to create environments and aesthetic experiences that can be shared with other people. This ability is used to express and manifest the creativity of the artist, to connect and reach the aesthetic sensibility of others.

Since ancient times, especially in Greece, tekné, a term meaning “art”, has developed, representing various artistic activities not related to the visual arts, but rather to poetry, theatre, music, and science. Later, Kant in 1790, proposed various categories of art, such as the bildenden Künste, as the expression of ideas in the intuition of the senses, including painting, sculpture and architecture; the redenden Künste, like the language arts; and the Schönen Kunst Spiels der Empfindungen, the art of the beautiful play of sensations, such as music and colours. In this way, we can define art as a set of related concepts rather than one single concept. More modernly, in the 1910s and 1920s, Marcel Duchamp will introduce the beginning of conceptual art, which will emerge as a movement during the 1960s, and will influence subsequent art movements, developing a broad conceptual art in the 1990s. in Great Britain, which will be developed to create an impact on the basis that the object is not the work of art. In this way, conceptual art is understood as an artistic movement in which the conceptualization or the idea is more important than the work of art as a physical or material object, where ideas prevail over its formal and sensible aspects, and where artistic is the concept to represent, indifferent to the technique, form, and material. Initially, a conceptual work is based on textual language to convey ideas, although it will evolve and be complemented by other resources from the visual field, including photography and performance, closely adapting it to contemporary art.

Among all these evolutionary processes, we can talk about body art, this is going to be a style framed in conceptual art, using the body as a plastic material. In body art, the body is the support of the artistic work, painting it, decorating it, tattooing it, modifying it, etc. This action, which we can call performance, is generally carried out with a photographic, videographic, holographic, poetic, pictorial accompaniment or other means, all or part of them, used during or after the performance. Body art stands out for the abject aspects of the body, marking strong contrasts, including clothing and the nude. It is here that the body becomes a work to create art, the body itself is the work of art, expressing the acceptance of one’s own individuality and establishing connections with related ideologies and certain social movements. Since the fundamental focus is on the body, it conditions viewers to understand and focus on their own concepts of the physical. Body art will also have a close relationship with questions of gender and personal identity, while delving into themes of the relationship between the body and the psyche, expressed in the body.

Papa’s intention is complex and ambivalent, personifying “il Filippo desnudo” he wants to draw attention to the importance of the artistic nude and uncensored art, a mission that has been going on for years with the “Naxed” project, to reinforce this concept, also Five photographic/performative artistic nudes from the “In the room” project, already presented in Spain, were exhibited. In addition, he wants to launch a message of gender fluidity to educate the vision of the figure of a male artistic nude that is still considered unusual today. Nudity is part of our human being, the male and female nude body is universal, like its beauty.

Thus we come to performance or action art, a term derived from the English performance art, meaning live art, as a form of free expression that emerged to be an alternative artistic manifestation, an avant-garde art developed extensively throughout the 20th century and early 21st century, an art form created through actions performed by the artist, alone or with other participants, live performance, closely documented, following a pre-written script, or spontaneous, presented in an interdisciplinary manner to an audience within an exhibition context. Its first manifestations arise in 1916, welcomed under the conceptual art of the Dadaist movement, responding to artistic purposes and the desire to experiment with new avant-garde trends. The performance needs the presence and execution of the artist himself, involving four basic elements: time, space, the body or the presence of the artist in a medium, and the relationship between the creator and the public. The performances are usually developed in art galleries, museums, cultural centres, and bookstores, although they can take place in any type of setting or space and during any period of time. The themes represented are usually linked to the experiences and ideas of the artist himself, who makes actions emerge through improvisation and a sense of aesthetics with the aim of generating a reaction from the public. Performance is related to Western postmodernism and culture linked to concepts of visual art, being an antithesis of theatre and challenging established art forms, since it is born from an antagonistic and critical position towards the performing arts, since performance differs from the formal narrative idea of other performing arts, linking more to the fine arts, far from any idea of scenic representation as a unique and sublime ephemeral experience. Some artists are closer to the experimental idea, where performance can intertwine many more disciplines, including any type of performing art, such as dance, theatre, poetry or music. In performance, the interpreter is the artist who rarely represents a character as an actor and the content does not follow a traditional plot. The performance will show tiny gestures for a few minutes to many hours, it can be performed once or repeated many times, with or without a prepared script, spontaneously improvised or previously rehearsed. The performance escapes beyond the fact that it is living art made by artists, since it resorts to very diverse disciplines and means of communication, in fact, no other form of artistic expression has such an unlimited manifestation, since each performer makes his or her particular definition in the process and manner of execution.

The artist Papa undresses on a sofa in the same pose as “La Maja Desnuda”, in a pose that emulates showing off behind a screen as on social networks. The nudity of his body will be seen simultaneously both in reality and fragmented, dematerialized through the projection of a holographic video. During the performance Papa will apply the word “NUDE” in 12 languages on the body using the technique that he devised the “Skin Collage” to further emphasize his message by printing it on his skin that will be “dressed” in nudity.

In the mid-1960s, Process art emerged, an artistic movement within the field of study of performance, where the art object is not the main focus of attention, but rather a process of art formation such as the search for and the creation of concepts adherent to the work, as well as the ephemerality of the work itself, concerned with the real «doing»; art as performance. Therefore, art is seen as a creative journey or process, rather than the finished product. On the other hand, in 1982 the joint form of poetry and performance appears, emerged to distinguish vocal interpretations based on the word of artistic interpretations, especially the works of scenic or musical performance artists. Performance poets rely more on the rhetorical and philosophical expression of their poetics than performance artists of the visual arts genres.

The performer Filippo Papa reworks Goya’s “La Maja Desnuda” in a new interpretation, which is still talked about today. In “Desnudo” we find the union between the history of art, the performative act and contemporary technology. Careful work in the unmistakable style that Papa has accustomed us to see.