Writers International Edition

Preeth Padmanabhan Nambiar

President’s New Year Message

As we stand at the threshold of 2025, we face a world in constant flux—where challenges and uncertainties remain ever-present. Yet, it is during these times of trial that the true power of human resilience, creativity, and collective effort comes to the forefront. At the Writers Capital International Foundation, we are keenly aware of the role that literature, art, and shared wisdom play in navigating these complexities and offering solutions to the global crises we face.

In 2024, the world has been challenged by growing divisions, political unrest, environmental degradation, and the continued struggle for equality and justice. These challenges have affected our communities and, indeed, the very fabric of our shared humanity. It is a reality that we, as members of the global creative community, must acknowledge and address head-on.

As an organization dedicated to the promotion of humanitarian values through literature, the upcoming year demands more than just celebration—it calls for action. We must not only create art but also engage in dialogues that foster understanding, compassion, and positive change. The written word, in all its forms, can be a tool for healing, a bridge across divides, and a light in the darkest times. It is imperative that we use our collective voices to challenge injustice, promote sustainability, and advocate for the voiceless.

The Writers Capital International Foundation will continue to stand firm in our mission to support voices that challenge the status quo, promote social progress, and inspire generations to come. In 2025, we will focus on:

  • Expanding our initiatives to reach marginalized communities, ensuring that all voices—regardless of background or circumstance—are heard and valued.
  • Addressing the ongoing climate crisis through the lens of literature and art, seeking sustainable solutions that are not only environmentally sound but also deeply humane.
  • Strengthening global collaboration among writers, artists, educators, and thought leaders to form lasting partnerships that transcend borders and contribute to lasting peace and understanding.

We are now more powerful in reaching grassroots levels through our Global Nexus Series of International Conferences, which brings together academicians from across the world to discuss pressing issues, exchange ideas, and gather visionaries who seek actionable solutions. These conferences are a critical platform for global collaboration, where we can work together to address challenges and shape a better future for all.

This year, we are also proud to have the Nexus Review, an international journal of multidisciplinary studies available in both print and online formats. This journal will serve as a vital space for scholarly discussion, offering diverse perspectives on key issues facing our world today. It is through these academic and intellectual endeavors that we can cultivate meaningful change, grounded in knowledge, dialogue, and innovation.

Let us use this year to reinvigorate our collective commitment to a world where human dignity is upheld, where diversity is celebrated, and where every individual has the opportunity to contribute to the betterment of society. We stand at the crossroads of a new era—one that demands action, empathy, and purpose.

On behalf of the entire Writers Capital International Foundation family, I extend my heartfelt thanks to all our supporters, whose unwavering belief in our mission and tireless dedication continue to propel us forward. Your commitment to our vision is invaluable, and we look forward to achieving greater heights together.

As we enter 2025, I urge each of us to reflect on the power of our words and the responsibility that comes with them. Let us be the change we seek, and together, create a future that honors our shared humanity.

Happy New Year 2025.

With deep respect,

 Preeth Padmanabhan Nambiar
Founder & CEO, Writers Capital International Foundation,
Writers International Edition & Global Nexus Series of International Conferences 
Founder & Chairman, Panorama International Arts & Literature Festival 

India: A Country That Never Existed

“That’s a bloody Keralite!”

The words, laden with hostility, echoed behind me as the bike whizzed past. I wasn’t in the wrong—I was merely trying to overtake a bike that was moving frustratingly slow, eager to reach my destination. The man, having seen the number plate of my car registered in Kerala, continued showering foul words. This wasn’t the first time. In fact, this was the sixth year in Mysore, where such incidents stirred within me a deep and persistent question: Who am I?

Born in Andhra Pradesh to a mother from North Kerala (once part of Karnataka) and a father from Udupi in southern Karnataka, my life has been a mosaic of cultural intersections. Years of living across India and abroad have only added more layers to my identity. Yet, incidents like this often force me to ponder the complexity of being an “Indian.” Who are we as a nation? What does it mean to belong to a country that exists, and yet, perhaps never truly existed?

A Fragmented Identity

One striking feature of Indians, particularly noticeable during my years abroad, is how we identify ourselves. Rarely do Indians introduce themselves as simply “Indian.” Instead, they say, “I’m from Kerala,” “from Tamil Nadu,” or “from Andhra Pradesh.” This is not a quirk but a reflection of a deeper truth: our allegiance to our states often supersedes our identity as a nation.

In India, the first great divide is between North and South Indians. In the North, the South is often pejoratively lumped together as “Madrasis”—a colonial-era term for all Dravidian states. Meanwhile, South Indians, in turn, harbor their own biases against Northerners. This regionalism is not limited to the broader North-South divide. Within states, there are further fissures: coastal versus inland, urban versus rural, North Kerala versus South Kerala, and so on. Every layer of identity adds another boundary, another perceived “other.”

Unity in Name Alone

India’s claim of “unity in diversity” often feels like a slogan that conceals the truth. Historically, the land that we now call India never was a unified nation, but a patchwork of kingdoms that frequently warred against one another. And from the Mauryas to the Mughals, from Vijayanagara to the Marathas, the history of this subcontinent is one of fragmentation. Even the name “India” is a colonial construct, and “Bharat” is no less contested, rooted in mythological claims rather than a cohesive national identity.

This reality is tactfully masked by statesmen and leaders. Yet, within this fractured history lies a paradoxical beauty: India is a land that embraces contradiction. Its culture absorbs and transforms, incorporating diverse beliefs and philosophies without erasing their uniqueness.

A Mosaic of Beliefs

Hinduism, so often miscast as a single religion, is in fact an aggregate of many beliefs. Shaivas worship Shiva, while Vaishnavas worship Vishnu. Charvakas, these ancient materialists who claimed God did not exist, formed part of the cultural mix. Atheism, animism, and ritualism all found places here. Even those rejecting Hinduism—such as Buddhists and Jains—prospered in its folds before eventually splitting off.

This ability to embrace differences has long been a defining feature of Indian society. It is this ethos that inspired sages to proclaim, Ekam Sat Vipra Bahudha Vadanti—“Truth is one; the wise call it by different names.” This inclusivity transcends religious dogma, hinting at a universal vision of humanity as one family: Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam.

The Dangers of Division

Despite this philosophical foundation, regional and communal divisions persist. Tamil Nadu’s fierce love for its language and culture often leads to isolationism. Karnataka, Kerala, and Andhra Pradesh have their own regionalisms, often fueled by language, politics, or cultural pride. Even within states, divisions abound. For example, people from coastal Karnataka are sometimes viewed with suspicion by those from Bangalore, as if they were outsiders within their own state.

Painful as it is, it doesn’t happen only in India. COVID-19 exposed the vulnerability of human solidarity everywhere. Village, city, and neighborhood gates were closed to outsiders. Fear and the instinct to survive overwrote our shared humanity. The lesson was stark: human construct it is that raises barriers; no sooner erected than they come tumbling down.

A Higher Vision

What then holds India together? Perhaps it is not the idea of a nation, but the collective journey toward a higher understanding of existence. The sages of ancient India envisioned a world without boundaries, a space where life is not fragmented by caste, creed, or nationality. This vision, though often overshadowed by politics and prejudice, remains India’s greatest gift to the world.

Beyond nations, beyond humanity, lies the essence of existence—a boundless unity that transcends the constructs we have created. The air moves freely, rivers carve their paths without borders, and the pulse of life resonates in every being, from the tiniest microbe to the mightiest tree. Existence does not divide; it simply is.

This vision is not confined to the human realm. It is the recognition of life in its totality, a web of interconnectedness that holds no allegiance to divisions. It is the soil nourishing roots, the ocean cradling its creatures, the cosmos witnessing it all in silent stillness.  And within this expanse lies a truth: to exist is to belong, not to one identity, but to the vast, indivisible whole that is life itself.

…and in a world fragmented by borders, languages, and identities, the one who dares to believe in a single world united in love is often seen as an alien—or perhaps, as someone who has no identity. Here is a man who has no identity.

Exploring the Theta State as a Pathway to Divine Creativity and Consciousness

Abstract

This article explores the deep connection between creativity, altered states of consciousness, and the transcendental by using the ritualistic art form of Theyyam from northern Kerala as an intellectually powerful metaphor. It conducts a study of the transformation journey of the Theyyam performer who, through dedication and ritual, becomes a vessel for divine energy like the creative process experienced by poets and artists. By investigating the ‘theta state—a state of being between wakefulness and sleep where visions occur’, the article discovers the mystical roots of creative expression as surrender to universal consciousness, continuing to reflect on suffering, purity, and compassion that forms individuals as vessels of higher truths and celebrates the holy essence of human creativity within an act of transcendence.


Introduction: The Season of Theyyam

While winter heralds the festive cheer of Christmas and New Year across the globe, in Kerala’s northern regions, it is the season of Theyyam. A form of ritualistic worship combining dance, music, and mime, Theyyam is an integral part of Malabar’s sacred groves and temples. Known also as Kaḷiyāṭṭaṁ or Tiṟa, this art form channels divine energies, embodying deities and ancestral spirits, thus becoming a bridge between the mortal and the divine.

Theyyam transcends its mythological and religious roots to become a spiritual and psychological phenomenon, opening portals to higher states of consciousness. The performer’s journey from preparation to performance offers intriguing parallels to the creative process of poets and artists, shedding light on the mystical and metaphysical dimensions of human expression.

The Rituals of Transformation

theyyam photograph by preeth nambiarThe transformation of a performer into a Theyyam is an elaborate process rooted in devotion and discipline. Selected individuals undertake days of fasting (vrath) to purify their bodies and minds. On the day of the performance, the transformation begins with intricate body painting and donning of ornate costumes crafted from natural materials. This preparation is not merely cosmetic but symbolic, marking the transition from human to divine.

The climactic moment occurs when the Theyyam confronts their own reflection in a mirror, accompanied by the rhythmic crescendo of drums. This act of self-recognition as a divine entity triggers a trance state, where the performer transcends their ordinary self, embodying the deity. The subsequent dance, fierce and entrancing, captivates the devotees, who perceive the Theyyam as a conduit for divine blessings.

In this trance, the performer often utters prophecies or revelations, seemingly accessing a realm beyond the conscious mind. After the ritual, the performer returns to their human state, a humbling reminder of the ephemeral nature of this transcendence.

The Mystical Trance: A Gateway to Universal Consciousness

This trance state is not only characteristic of religious rites. It echoes through all the creative processes amongst poets and musicians as well, where they often describe that their work originates from an altered state of consciousness. The phenomenon can be understood by the theta state, a phase between wakefulness and sleep, when the mind is crossing over from being conscious to the universal.

The theta state is that of high creativity and intuition and better insight. For poets and artists, it is in this meditative space that their works take shape. They often report that their creations “flow through them” and are not consciously crafted. That does the same thing as the Theyyam experience. Here, the performer is also the vessel, but one for divine expression.

Pain, Purity, and the Conduit of Creation

A recurring theme in the lives of great poets and artists is the presence of profound suffering. Tragedy and pain, while deeply personal, serve as crucibles for purification, enabling individuals to become better conduits for universal expression. This echoes the life of the Theyyam performer, whose physical and mental discipline during fasting and preparation mirrors the purification process.

The purified mind and body, unencumbered by ego, allow for a direct connection to the universal consciousness. Just as a well-tuned instrument produces harmonious music, a pure and compassionate individual becomes an ideal medium for creative revelation.

Creativity: A Revelation, Not an Effort
The creative process, much like the trance of Theyyam, is often described as a revelation. Many poets and writers admit that their finest works feel as though they were “given” to them, rather than consciously written. This aligns with the idea that we are receptors of a greater intelligence, much like devices accessing the internet from a single cloud source.

The key lies in becoming a pure channel for this universal intelligence. When ego and self-assertion are removed, creativity flows naturally. A poet does not write a poem; a poem is written through the poet. I earnestly believe that a poet who consideres that ‘he’ has written a poem, should immediately stop calling himself a poet. He is just an instrument for expressing universe’s higher intelligence. This humility and surrender are crucial for genuine artistic expression.

Intoxication and the Perils of Shortcuts

Courtesy: Drunk Poet, DeviantArt

Throughout history, many artists have sought shortcuts to the theta state through intoxicants. While these substances can temporarily unlock the doors to altered states of consciousness, they often exact a heavy toll on the body and mind, leading to tragic outcomes. The disciplined approach of the Theyyam performer, rooted in devotion and ritual, offers a sustainable and profound path to transcendence, emphasizing purity and preparation over quick fixes.

 

 

The Universal Dance of Creation

The essence of all great creativity and spiritual experience lies in attaining the ability to transcend the conscious mind into theta state or that liminal realm wherein the individual self disappears and the mind channels universal consciousness. In this state, creativity flows freely, not as a conscious effort but as an inspired revelation, a gift from a higher plane of existence. Stepping into the divine through ritualistic trance, the Theyyam performer and the poet, crafting verses in the stillness of night, are expressions of this sacred communion with the infinite.

This state of consciousness is not some rarefied, mystical or aesthetic reserve that only a few have access to; it’s a universal resource, available to anyone who is willing to lay down their ego and find themselves in harmony with the pulse of the cosmos. It is in theta that revelations happen, intuition unfolds, and the most profound insights are achieved-not as the result of thought, but as a flow from the ocean of superconsciousness common to all.

This state doesn’t only allow creativity but also changes the personality. The practice, the suffering, and the purification needed to attain this state give a refinement to the soul by introducing qualities such as compassion, humility, and interconnectedness with the universal. By becoming a vehicle for divine energy, an artist, seeker, or performer raises not only their own life but the consciousness of humanity as well. Thus, it’s not a doorway to creativity-it’s a bridge to eternity and reminds us of our sacred role as channels through which the cosmos speaks.

lovedale, a project of preeth padmanabhan nambiar for humanity

Love that Heals: Project Proposal for Heritage Village ‘Lovedale;

Vision Statement

Heritage Village, Lovedale, aspires to be a sanctuary of simplicity, wisdom, and harmony. Rooted in timeless values, it seeks to foster a sustainable and serene lifestyle, offering individuals an opportunity to reconnect with nature, community, and their inner selves. Through holistic education, cultural preservation, and a commitment to self-sufficiency, Lovedale aims to build a legacy of wellness and compassion for humanity.

1. Introduction

In a world fraught with complexity and disconnection, Lovedale seeks to address the growing need for meaningful living. Through principles of Minimalism, Holism, and Mindfulness, this heritage village will serve as a beacon of hope for individuals seeking balance, wisdom, and purpose in their lives.

Lovedale is not merely a residential space; it is a thriving ecosystem where wellness, sustainability, and cultural preservation converge. With its offerings of Ayurvedic healing, self-sufficient farming, cultural enrichment, and educational programs, Lovedale aims to become a transformative force for humanity.

2. Objectives

  • Foster mental and physical well-being through sustainable and holistic living.
  • Preserve and promote traditional knowledge systems like Ayurveda, yoga, and classical arts.
  • Create a model of self-sufficiency by integrating renewable energy, organic farming, and waste recycling.
  • Build a compassionate community that supports the elderly, children, and vulnerable groups.
  • Inspire and educate individuals through specialised courses, workshops, and research.

3. Key Principles

  1. Minimalism: Encourage a life of simplicity and reduced materialism.
  2. Holism: Address the well-being of body, mind, and spirit.
  3. Mindfulness: Promote practices that enhance awareness, presence, and gratitude.

4. Compound Design and Facilities

Lovedale will be thoughtfully designed with eco-friendly and sustainable architecture. Key facilities include:

  1. Nature and Sustainability:
    • Mini-forest with rare herbs and fruit trees.
    • Botanical gardens with a focus on medicinal plants.
    • Navagraha Vana (planetary garden).
  2. Residential Facilities:
    • Comfortable cottages for participants and visitors.
    • Old-age home with specialised care.
    • Orphanage fostering community-based upbringing.
  3. Wellness and Healing:
    • Ayurvedic Wellness Centre with Panchakarma facilities.
    • Yoga and Meditation Centre offering personalised retreats.
  4. Cultural and Educational Facilities:
    • Cultural Centre showcasing Indian art, music, and dance.
    • Library and Research Centre for Vedic studies, literature, and media.
    • Training hubs for self-employment, especially for women.
  5. Sustainability Hubs:
    • Dairy farm and organic vegetable gardens.
    • Biogas plant and composting facilities.
    • Solar and renewable energy integration.

heritage village - love dale project by writers capital international foundation Preeth padmanabhan nambiar

5. Lovedale: A Haven for a Lifetime

Lovedale is not just a retreat for temporary rejuvenation; it is envisioned as a space where individuals can find a lasting sanctuary. Central to the project is a residential area, offering an opportunity for people to embrace serenity as a way of life.

This residential concept caters to those who seek to:

  • Live Permanently Amidst Tranquility
    Imagine waking up each day to the gentle caress of nature, far from the din of modern life. Residents can choose to make Lovedale their permanent home, immersed in an environment that nurtures physical and spiritual well-being.
  • Find a Periodic Escape
    For those who wish to take a break from their regular routines, Lovedale offers a retreat that feels like home. Residents can return as often as they desire to reconnect with themselves and recharge their spirits.
  • Spend the Evenings of Life in Peace
    Lovedale provides an ideal setting for senior citizens to spend the golden years of their lives in comfort and peace. Surrounded by a supportive community and engaging activities, they can find fulfilment and meaning in each day.

A Meaningful Life, Enriched by Activities

Residents of Lovedale are not just passive recipients of its offerings but active participants in its vibrant ecosystem. Opportunities abound to:

  • Engage in cultural, artistic, and intellectual activities.
  • Participate in workshops and sessions on wellness, mindfulness, and creativity.
  • Contribute to the foundation’s humanitarian initiatives, making their lives deeply meaningful.

This unique residential model blends personal serenity with community engagement, fostering a sense of purpose while maintaining the freedom of individual choice.

A Home that Heals

The residential area will be thoughtfully designed, blending modern comforts with traditional aesthetics to create spaces that exude peace. With nature as a constant companion, residents will experience healing not just within but also in their surroundings.

Lovedale’s residential concept offers not merely a place to stay but a way of life—a harmonious blend of rest, renewal, and contribution to a larger purpose. Whether one chooses it as a lifelong abode or an occasional refuge, Lovedale promises to be a sanctuary for the body, mind, and soul.

6. Programs and Activities

A Retreat for Rejuvenation and Self-Discovery

Our retreat is designed as a sanctuary for those seeking solace, vitality, and a break from the routine of daily life. It offers an opportunity to reconnect with oneself and experience a harmonious blend of activities aimed at rejuvenating the body, mind, and spirit.

The Healing Environment

Nestled amidst serene landscapes, our campus is a haven of peace, where the environment itself fosters healing and tranquillity. The architecture, natural surroundings, and curated spaces are designed to inspire mindfulness and inner peace.

Daily Activities

Participants are guided through a thoughtfully curated routine, including:

  • Morning Yoga and Meditation: Awakening the body and calming the mind.
  • Ayurvedic Daily Practices: Incorporating timeless rituals for balance and health.
  • Cultural Activities: Engaging in music, dance, and art for creative expression.
  • Discourses and Workshops: Exploring philosophy, spirituality, and personal growth.
  • Ayurvedic Rejuvenation Therapies: Restoring vitality through authentic treatments and care.

Specialised Programmes

We offer tailored programmes catering to different life stages and needs:

Prerana: Inspiring Young Minds

A programme designed for children to foster:

  • Creativity through art, storytelling, and hands-on activities.
  • Values and ethics through engaging narratives and discussions.
  • Mindfulness practices to nurture emotional and mental well-being.

Deeksha: Empowering Adults

Focused on holistic health and self-discovery, this programme includes:

  • Yoga and fitness tailored to individual needs.
  • Workshops on stress management, time management, and goal setting.
  • Insights into personal and professional growth through practical sessions.

Vimoksha: Enlightenment for Seniors

A programme dedicated to senior citizens, emphasising:

  • Cultivating peace through reflective practices and dialogues.
  • Discovering purpose through meaningful engagement.
  • Physical and mental relaxation through light yoga and recreational activities.

A Venue for Writers Capital Foundation’s Signature Events

Once operational, the retreat will serve as a prestigious venue for the foundation’s hallmark events, including:

  • Panorama International Literature Festival: Celebrating the art of words and ideas.
  • Panorama International Arts Festival: Showcasing diverse artistic expressions.
  • Global Nexus Series of International Conferences: Connecting intellectuals across fields.
  • Global Vision Summit: A platform for envisioning a better future through collective thought.

Additional Ideas

  • Nature Walks and Forest Bathing: Connecting participants with the therapeutic power of nature.
  • Digital Detox: Encouraging a break from technology to foster mindful living.
  • Community Living: Promoting social bonding and shared experiences through group activities.
  • Workshops on Sustainable Living: Teaching practical methods for eco-friendly lifestyles.

This holistic retreat is not just a destination but a journey towards inner transformation and lasting peace. Let us create a space where every individual finds renewal, purpose, and inspiration.

7. Stages of Implementation

Stage 1: Land Acquisition and Preparation

  • Identify and secure suitable land preferably in the serene neighbourhood of Mysore.
  • Begin reforestation and preparation for construction.

Stage 2: Design and Infrastructure Development

  • Work with architects specialising in green designs.
  • Build essential structures: administrative buildings, cottages, wellness centres, etc.

Stage 3: Program Development

  • Create and test courses for various age groups.
  • Collaborate with experts in Ayurveda, yoga, and education.

Stage 4: Launch and Expansion

  • Open the village to residents and visitors.
  • Expand offerings based on feedback and community needs.

8. Sustainability Plan

  1. Energy: Solar panels, wind turbines, and biogas for electricity and cooking.
  2. Farming: Organic farming methods for food and fodder.
  3. Waste Management: Recycling and composting to achieve zero waste.

9. Social Impact

  1. Elderly Care: Provide a dignified life to abandoned elderly individuals.
  2. Child Welfare: Empower orphaned children with education and life skills.
  3. Empowering Women: Train women in self-employment skills to achieve financial independence.
  4. Cultural Revival: Preserve and promote Indian art and heritage.

10. Budget Estimate

Preliminary Costs:

  • Land acquisition
  • Infrastructure development
  • Sustainability initiatives
  • Operational costs (yearly)

Funding Sources:

  • Donations and grants.
  • Crowdfunding campaigns.
  • Revenue from courses, retreats, and product sales.

The Writers Capital International Foundation

The Writers Capital International Foundation (WCIF) is a global non-profit organisation dedicated to spreading humanitarian values through the transformative power of literature, art, and culture. With a presence in over 87 countries, WCIF unites creative minds across the globe to foster empathy, awareness, and positive change.

Our mission transcends borders, connecting communities and individuals through initiatives that celebrate the shared essence of humanity. By promoting creativity, sustainable living, and compassion, we strive to inspire a world where art becomes a catalyst for meaningful transformation.

The Retreat: A Vision of the Foundation

As an extension of the foundation’s ideals, this retreat embodies the core principles of WCIF—human connection, self-awareness, and holistic living. It offers an immersive space for individuals to rejuvenate their body, mind, and spirit while embracing the cultural, artistic, and intellectual ethos championed by the foundation.

The retreat not only provides a healing environment for individuals but also serves as a dynamic venue for WCIF’s signature global events, reinforcing its commitment to fostering cross-cultural dialogue and creative expression.

Signature Activities of the Foundation

The Writers Capital International Foundation has conceptualised and executed various prestigious initiatives that align with its mission:

1. Panorama International Literature Festival

A celebration of literature that brings together writers, poets, and literary enthusiasts from around the world. The festival promotes creative exploration while emphasizing humanitarian values.

2. Panorama International Arts Festival

A global platform for visual and performing artists to showcase their talent and inspire dialogue on global issues through creative expressions.

3. Global Nexus Series of International Conferences

A confluence of thought leaders, professionals, and scholars to deliberate on pressing challenges and innovative solutions across diverse disciplines.

4. Global Vision Summit

An extraordinary gathering of intellectuals, policymakers, and visionaries to discuss strategies for building a sustainable and compassionate world.

5. Writers International Edition

The publication division of the Writers Capital International Foundation that is primarily intended to publish quality books, especially by promising authors.

Integrating the Foundation’s Vision into the Retreat

The retreat will serve as a living embodiment of the foundation’s ethos, with a special focus on:

  • Humanitarian Values: All programmes will emphasise compassion, empathy, and community well-being.
  • Cultural Exchange: Activities will highlight global traditions, fostering understanding and unity.
  • Creative Expression: Participants will engage in art, literature, and music, embracing the transformative power of creativity.
  • Sustainability: Workshops and practices will promote eco-friendly living in harmony with nature.

The Retreat as a Venue for WCIF’s Events

The serene and inspiring environment of the retreat will host the foundation’s flagship programmes:

  • Panorama International Literature Festival: Inspiring the global literary community amidst tranquil surroundings.
  • Panorama International Arts Festival: A visual and sensory treat, uniting artists and audiences in a shared celebration of creativity.
  • Global Nexus Conferences and Vision Summits: Providing a platform for groundbreaking ideas to shape the future.

By intertwining these prestigious events with the retreat’s ethos, we aim to offer participants an unparalleled experience of personal growth, cultural enrichment, and creative fulfilment.

10. Call to Action

Lovedale is a dream fueled by love for humanity and unwavering trust in the universe. To bring this vision to life, we invite:

  • Philanthropists: To contribute to this transformative project.
  • Volunteers: To share their expertise and passion.
  • Partners: To collaborate in areas of wellness, education, and sustainability.

Together, let us create a sanctuary where life blooms in harmony with nature, and humanity thrives with purpose.

Writers Capital International Foundation
#5050, 5th Main, 3rd Cross, Vijayanagar Stage 2, Mysore
Karnataka, India

www.writerscapital.org
wcifcentral@gmail.com 

 

'The Cultural and Sociological Impact of Religious Expansion and Dominance: A Study of Challenges with Reference to Islam' article by Preeth Padmanabhan Nambiar

The Cultural and Sociological Impact of Religious Expansion and Dominance: A Study of Challenges with Reference to Islam

Throughout history, religion has been an intrinsic part of the cultural and social fabric of human civilizations. Each religion is born within a specific geographical and sociocultural context, shaped by the needs, values, and conditions of the environment from which it emerges. Over time, many religions have spread across boundaries, either through peaceful dissemination or, in other cases, through more assertive means of expansion. One of the most compelling aspects of this spread is how a religion, when transplanted into a new region, may conflict with the indigenous culture, practices, and traditions of that region. This article explores the impacts of religious expansion on local cultures, with a particular focus on Islam and its expansion across diverse territories. In so doing, it addresses the nuanced challenges arising from the imposition of a distinct socio-cultural system onto new lands and the effects this has on indigenous ways of life, including dietary habits, legal structures, and societal values.

1. Religious Origins and Their Geographic and Cultural Roots

Every major religion bears the imprint of the geography, climate, and societal structure of the region from which it originated. For instance, Hinduism reflects the deeply spiritual traditions of ancient India, incorporating elements from its vast landscapes and complex caste-based society. Buddhism similarly emerged as a reformative response to Hindu practices, while Christianity took root in the Roman world, addressing the spiritual and ethical concerns of that era.

Islam, which originated in the harsh deserts of the Arabian Peninsula, embodies characteristics tailored to the Bedouin and Meccan cultures. Certain elements of its moral, social, and legal framework reflect the survival instincts and socio-political structures necessary for desert life, emphasizing community solidarity, strict codes of conduct, and specific guidelines around war, trade, and social interactions.

The issue arises when these regionally specific systems travel beyond their point of origin and are imposed in settings vastly different from the Arabian Peninsula, as has been the case throughout Islam’s history.

2. The Spread of Islam and Its Mechanisms of Expansion

Historically, Islam spread across the Middle East, North Africa, Central Asia, and parts of Europe and India, often through a blend of trade, proselytization, and conquest. In many cases, local cultures were expected to adapt to Islamic principles, which included Sharia—a legal system rooted in 7th-century Arabian customs and ethics.

The imposition of such a system presents several challenges. Sharia addresses various aspects of daily life, including family relations, social behavior, dietary restrictions, and legal judgments. While these laws were practical and aligned with the Arabian way of life, they often conflicted with the indigenous legal and social norms of other regions. Furthermore, practices such as the enforcement of specific dress codes, the consumption of certain foods, and rituals for prayer and fasting are tied to the desert climate, which may not always be suitable or necessary in vastly different regions.

3. Cultural Erosion and Religious Dominance

The issue of religious dominance poses a significant risk to the indigenous culture of any region. When a dominant religion imposes its beliefs and practices on a new land, it often results in the erosion of local customs, values, and even languages. This is particularly impactful in cultures with rich histories, where beliefs and rituals are deeply interwoven with daily life, art, language, and cuisine.

In many regions, as Islam expanded, it introduced cultural practices specific to Arabia and sought to establish them as the norm. For instance, the dietary guidelines in Islam, such as the preference for specific foods and prohibitions against others, are closely tied to the climate and resources of the Arabian Peninsula. These food customs, when imposed in regions with vastly different agricultural practices, can disrupt local dietary health and cultural traditions. Traditional meals that were balanced for the local climate may be replaced by those unsuited to the health needs of the local population.

Additionally, the introduction of Islamic laws that affect dress, marital practices, and social interactions can clash with the established norms of other cultures. Such changes not only alter the visible aspects of culture but can also impact the underlying social fabric, which may have evolved over centuries to suit the unique needs and ethos of the indigenous community.

4. Legal and Social Impositions: Sharia in Non-Islamic Societies

One of the most challenging aspects of Islamic expansion is the imposition of Sharia in regions where indigenous legal systems already exist. Sharia encompasses not only religious obligations but also civil and criminal laws, which regulate everything from marriage and inheritance to penal codes. When implemented in non-Islamic societies, Sharia can disrupt existing legal systems, potentially creating tensions between the two.

For example, Islamic law places specific emphasis on gender roles, which might conflict with societies that have traditionally valued egalitarian or matriarchal structures. Issues like polygamy, gender-based inheritance rights, and restrictions on freedom of expression may be perceived as repressive in societies where women hold equal or even superior roles within the community.

Moreover, Sharia’s punitive measures, such as those related to theft or apostasy, may starkly contrast with the rehabilitative or less severe approaches of other legal systems. The clash of legal frameworks can create social divisions, as those who support traditional practices resist the perceived encroachment of foreign laws.

5. The Health Implications of Imported Dietary Laws

Food is not just sustenance; it is a cultural identifier deeply rooted in the environmental context of a region. Islamic dietary laws, such as restrictions on pork and the mandatory halal preparation of meat, originated in a hot, arid environment where food preservation was challenging and certain meats were considered unclean. While these laws serve a religious and cultural purpose, their imposition in non-Muslim regions can pose health challenges.

Regions with cold climates, for instance, often rely on pork as a staple protein source due to its availability and nutritional value. The forced exclusion of such meats in these areas can disrupt traditional dietary balance, which may have evolved to provide optimal nutrition in that environment. Additionally, the dietary emphasis on lamb and goat meat, more suited to arid climates, may prove unsustainable or less beneficial in other regions where alternative sources of protein are culturally ingrained and environmentally optimal.

Furthermore, fasting during Ramadan—while deeply meaningful for practicing Muslims—may have adverse health effects in regions with extreme seasonal variations in daylight. In polar regions, for example, the long periods of daylight or darkness pose practical challenges to fasting from sunrise to sunset, potentially endangering the health of individuals attempting to observe these practices strictly.

6. Preserving Indigenous Cultures Amid Religious Expansion

As Islam and other religions continue to grow and establish footholds globally, a pressing challenge remains: how to preserve the cultural identity of indigenous groups. Religious tolerance and cultural preservation must go hand in hand to prevent the erosion of traditions and values that give a region its distinct identity. In places where Islam has become dominant, there are lessons to be learned about respecting local customs and adapting religious practices to harmonize with, rather than overshadow, the indigenous culture.

A balanced approach would involve acknowledging the importance of each culture’s unique characteristics and refraining from imposing rigid, foreign customs onto societies with different historical, climatic, and social needs. Such respect for local culture does not only protect diversity but fosters a more inclusive world where multiple belief systems coexist without undermining one another.

Religious expansion, while often motivated by the desire to spread faith and community, carries with it complex challenges when it involves the imposition of one culture over another. Islam, which has historically sought to establish a cohesive religious and socio-legal system, is a prominent example of how religious growth can affect indigenous cultures in both positive and adverse ways. Recognizing the socio-cultural and environmental origins of each religion provides valuable insights into the importance of respecting regional distinctions when introducing religious practices into new territories.

For a harmonious coexistence, there must be an understanding that no single culture or religion holds universal solutions for all societies. Only through mutual respect for diversity can humanity build a world where religious conviction and cultural heritage support, rather than supplant, one another.

Preeth Padmanabhan Nambiar
Author, Educationist & Humanitarian

References

  1. Bulliet, R. W. (1979). Conversion to Islam in the Medieval Period: An Essay in Quantitative History. Harvard University Press.
  2. Esposito, J. L. (2003). The Oxford History of Islam. Oxford University Press.
  3. Geertz, C. (1968). Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and Indonesia. University of Chicago Press.
  4. Lapidus, I. M. (2002). A History of Islamic Societies. Cambridge University Press.
  5. Rippin, A. (2005). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. Routledge.
  6. Kymlicka, W., & Norman, W. (2000). Citizenship in Diverse Societies. Oxford University Press.
  7. Bowen, J. R. (2003). Islam, Law, and Equality in Indonesia: An Anthropology of Public Reasoning. Cambridge University Press.
  8. Denny, F. M. (1994). An Introduction to Islam. Macmillan.
  9. Nielsen, J. S. (1999). Towards a European Islam. Macmillan.
  10. Kuran, T. (2004). Islam and Mammon: The Economic Predicaments of Islamism. Princeton University Press.
  11. Eickelman, D. F., & Piscatori, J. (1996). Muslim Politics. Princeton University Press.
  12. Nasr, S. H. (2002). The Heart of Islam: Enduring Values for Humanity. HarperOne.
About the Author

Preeth Padmanabhan Nambiar, (born 27 August 1978), is a distinguished Indian poet, educationist, and humanitarian who has significantly influenced the literary and educational spheres. Founder and CEO of Writers Capital International Foundation, Nambiar has advanced humanitarian values across 78 countries, and he serves as Permanent Councillor for the International Council for Diplomacy and Justice in Italy. Rooted in Kerala’s cultural richness, his mystical poetry and reflective short stories explore themes of nature, life, and humanity. Notable works include The Voyage to Eternity, Solitary Shores, and Songs Ethereal. His educational contributions extend internationally, including a role as Department Head of English at the University of Cambridge in the Maldives. A visionary advocate for cultural unity, Nambiar’s Foundation hosts global literary festivals and promotes causes like minimalism and compassion towards animals. 

 

Serenade of the Soul: Musings on Art and Existence by Silla Maria Campanini

Silla Campanini, born under the eternal gaze of the Italian sun in 1954, has dedicated her existence to unraveling the enigmatic tapestry of artistic expression. From her earliest communion with nature’s ethereal whispers to her ascension as an esteemed image educator and luminary artist, Campanini’s odyssey has been a relentless pursuit of innovation and synergy. “Whispers of the Soul” is the primordial offering of poetic revelations from her spirit, anointed by the sacred chrism of color.

This primeval anthology of verse, or rather, an apocalypse of the soul’s most arcane mysteries, stands as an inviolable monument to the human experience, a literary apotheosis that transcends the ephemeral shackles of space and time. Within its hallowed pages, the poetess beckons seekers of truth to embark upon an extraordinary pilgrimage through the labyrinthine corridors of existence itself.

At its immaculate core, this tome is an exegesis of the profound synergy between the artistic muse and the ontological wellspring of being. Through a tapestry of incandescent poems and ruminations profoundly introspective, Campanini unveils the ineffable fabric of human emotion, weaving a mythopoeic narrative that is at once intimately personal and universally numinous. With each passage traversed, the reader is transported to liminal realms where love, loss, longing, and redemption coalesce in a symphonic apotheosis of feeling.

What consecrates “Whispers of the Soul” as a singular work is Campanini’s unparalleled aptitude to breathe the quintessence of life into her utterances. Her prose is imbued with a poetic sensibility so rarified, each sentence a spectral brushstroke upon the canvas of the reader’s imagination. Whether evoking the tender caress of a lover’s touch or the tempestuous roar of a raging maelstrom, her language is at once visceral and transcendent, rendering in vivid chiaroscuro the innermost landscapes of heart and mind.

Yet beyond its aesthetic consecration, this work stands as a profound exegesis of the human condition itself. Through her penetrating observations and musings abyssally introspective, Campanini plumbs the unfathomable depths of the psyche, confronting with unwavering courage and searing honesty the most arcane enigmas of the soul. In this sacred undertaking, she offers the reader an initiation into the ineffable mysteries of existence.

Moreover, “Whispers of the Soul” is a hierophantic testament to the power of mythopoesis. Through each numinous narrative she imparts, Campanini invites the reader to embark upon a transformative journey of self-apotheosis, challenging them to confront their phantasms, embrace their vulnerabilities, and fully integrate the totality of their being. The work thus serves as both a mirror refracting the manifold facets of the human experience and a beacon illuminating the arduous path towards self-actualization and gnosis.

In its comprehensive essence, “Whispers of the Soul” stands as an tour de force of literary transcendence and emotional epiphany. Through the rich mythopoeic tapestry of its words and emblematic imagery, Campanini summons the reader to plumb the profoundest depths of their own soul, to embrace the full cosmic spectrum of human emotion, and to find ultimate catharsis in the numinous beauty of the awakened spirit. It is a work that obliterates the illusory boundaries of space and time, leaving an indelible esoteric sigil upon the hearts and minds of all initiate readers.

article on the side effect of covid vaccine

The Never-Ending Nightmare: Living with AstraZeneca’s Vaccine Legacy

It started as just another ordinary day. I was comfortably seated at my desk, focused on writing the next chapter of my book. Suddenly, an intense tightening gripped at my chest – a sensation I had never experienced before. At first, I tried to dismiss it, thinking it was simply indigestion or muscle strain. But the constricting chest pain only worsened over the next several minutes.

Fearing the worst, I quickly called my friend, a cardiologist, who urged me to go to the hospital immediately based on my symptoms. My mind raced as I rushed to the nearby hospital where I was barraged with tests and monitoring – ECGs, blood work, and ultrasound scans. The diagnosis was ultimately a major relief: no heart attack, but rather a concerning cardiac event likely stemming from a blood clotting issue. However, that fleeting relief was quickly replaced by dawning horror.

The medications I was prescribed were ones typically used to treat heart failure and prevent future strokes. The blood thinners and hypertension drugs would now be a permanent part of my daily regimen to reduce my risk of compounding events. I am not sure what could be the possible reasons for this. Though I stick to a healthy moderate diet, probably a sedentary lifestyle could be one of the reasons. Perhaps this could have resulted from a possible COVID infection that never showed any symptoms – however, what haunts me is the number of deaths happening around me due to the possible side effects of Covishield, a vaccine that was rolled out during the outbreak of the pandemic.

In a concerning development, AstraZeneca has now announced the global withdrawal of its Covid-19 vaccine developed with Oxford University. The move comes after months of reports linking the shot to rare but potentially life-threatening blood clotting issues. While AstraZeneca cites commercial reasons for halting production of its adenovirus vector vaccine, the withdrawal leaves millions who received it worried about their future health. The company is already facing major lawsuits over claims the vaccine caused deaths and serious injuries like thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), which leads to abnormal blood clots and low platelet levels.

TTS was the driving force behind several countries temporarily pausing or restricting use of the AstraZeneca shot in 2021 after reports emerged of people experiencing clotting issues, some fatal. By then, the vaccine had already been administered to countless people globally through initiatives like India’s vaccination campaign.

In the wake of the withdrawal, serious concerns remain about potential long-term side effects. In India alone, there have been widespread reports of spikes in cardiac arrests, strokes, and other clotting events in the months following the vaccine rollout, with thousands of deaths. While not all cases can be directly attributed to the vaccine, the patterns are alarming.

For those already vaccinated with AstraZeneca’s formula, the future is fraught with uncertainty. They may need to live with a perpetual fear – never knowing if a deadly clot could unexpectedly end their lives or leave them severely disabled. Regular medical monitoring may be required for years or even decades to come.
The mental health toll could also be immense for the millions whose lives are now clouded by this threat. Constant anxiety and reliving moments where they or loved ones experienced potential side effects could lead to mental health struggles like PTSD, depression, and more.

While the benefits of Covid vaccines are clear from a societal perspective, the withdrawal highlights that even innovative pharmaceutical products approved for emergency use can sometimes have unforeseen negative consequences for individual patients. For those affected, there may be no closure as concerns about delayed effects linger indefinitely.

While the pharmaceutical giants behind Covid-19 vaccines like AstraZeneca have already reaped massive profits – figures that could sustain their operations for a lifetime – the human toll continues to mount. Political parties too cashed in, raking in huge sums through the pandemic via the opaque ‘electoral bond’ funding system. But the real costs have been borne by everyday citizens. It is the lives and wellbeing of millions that now hang in perpetual jeopardy due to rare but potentially catastrophic vaccine side effects.

Thorough investigations are still needed into all reports of serious AstraZeneca vaccine side effects and potential long-term impacts. But one thing is clear – the withdrawal has opened a Pandora’s box of potential health challenges for millions moving forward. Their lives may never be the same as they find themselves living in perpetual fear of the unforeseen. So is my life too!

As I put on a brave face and expressed gratitude that this hadn’t been far worse, the doctor’s words kept echoing: “We’ll have to be extremely vigilant about any new symptoms. Really, any headache, dizziness, or chest pains in the future could signal a larger event. …And you have no other options other than continuing the medication!”

Though I tried convincing myself that everything would be okay with proper treatment, a crushing existential weight settled over me. My life was now interminably tied to fear of the unknown. Would I wake up tomorrow? Next week? Next year? Or could any morning greet me with a stroke, heart attack, or worse – with my demise stemming from those fateful vaccine side effects? Who is the real killer here?

The Concept of Manas in Ayurveda: A Holistic Approach to Mental Wellbeing

Abstract

Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, offers a unique perspective on mental health. This article explores the concept of Manas (mind) in Ayurveda, examining its characteristics, functions, and its role in maintaining overall health. Drawing from classical Ayurvedic texts and Indian philosophical schools, the article highlights the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit in achieving well-being.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Manas, Mind-Body Connection, Mental Health, Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Upanishads

Introduction

समदोषः समाग्निश्च समधातु मलक्रियाः। प्रसन्नात्मेन्द्रियमनाः स्वस्थः इत्यभिधीयते ॥
“Sama Dosha Sama Agnischa Sama Dhatu Mala Kriyaaha|
Prasanna Atma Indriya Manaha Swastha Iti Abhidheeyate” – Sushruta Samhita

One is in perfect health when the three Doshas, digestive fire (digestion, assimilation and metabolism) all the body tissues & components (Dhatus) (the entire physical body) all the excretory functions (the physiological functions of urination and defecation) are in perfect order with a pleasantly disposed and contented mind, senses and spirit.

The ancient Indian system of medicine, Ayurveda, emphasises a holistic approach to health, encompassing the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit. Unlike the reductionist approach of modern medicine, which often treats the mind and body as separate entities, Ayurveda views them as functioning in a complex and interdependent relationship. This article delves into the concept of Manas (mind) in Ayurveda, exploring its characteristics, functions, and its role in maintaining health.

The Centrality of Manas

The term “Manas” refers to the mind in Ayurveda. Unlike the Western concept of mind as a physical organ located in the brain, Manas is considered a subtle and invisible entity. However, its presence is evident in all sensory and motor functions. Charaka Samhita, a foundational Ayurvedic text, defines Manas as the “controller of the senses” (indriyapati) [1]. It acts as the bridge between the external and internal environment, processing information received through the senses (jnanendriya) and directing motor responses (karmendriya) [2]. Without Manas, perception wouldn’t be possible.

Manas: The Seat of Pleasure and Pain

Ayurveda recognizes Manas as the source of both positive and negative emotions. It is the seat of Sukha (pleasure) and Dukkha (misery) [3]. Understanding the state of Manas is crucial because a balanced Manas is considered the ultimate source of health. An imbalanced Manas, on the other hand, can contribute to both physical and mental disorders. Sushruta Samhita states, “Prasanna Atma Indriya Manaha Swastha Iti Abhidheeyate” (a content mind is indicative of good health) [4]. This highlights the importance of a balanced Manas for overall well-being.

Philosophical Underpinnings of Manas

The concept of Manas in Ayurveda draws from various Indian philosophical schools, offering a deeper understanding of its nature and function:

  • Sāṃkhya Philosophy: This philosophy posits two ultimate realities: Purusha (self) and Prakriti (primordial nature). Prakriti consists of three Gunas (attributes): Sattva (purity), Rajas (activity), and Tamas (inertia). The mind (Manas) evolves from the Sattva aspect of these Gunas and interacts with the senses to create experiences [5]. The balance of Gunas within Manas determines its state. An imbalance can lead to mental disharmony.
  • Yoga Philosophy: Yoga emphasizes the control of thought waves in the mind. It identifies Manas as a component of the citta (mind apparatus) along with Buddhi (intellect) and Ahankara (ego) [6]. Manas receives impressions from the external world, while Buddhi interprets them and Ahankara creates a sense of ownership. Yoga practices aim to control the fluctuations of Manas and achieve a state of mental clarity. Patanjali Yoga Sutra defines Yoga as “cittavṛtti nirodhaḥ” (cessation of mental fluctuations) [7]. By calming Manas, Yoga promotes mental well-being.
  • Upanishads: These ancient texts differentiate between Manas and the true Self (Atman). While Manas is an instrument of perception, the Atman is the unchanging and eternal observer. The ultimate goal, as outlined in the Chāndogya Upanishad, is to realize the Atman and transcend the limitations of the mind [8].

Maintaining a Balanced Manas

Ayurveda emphasises the importance of maintaining a balanced Manas for overall health. This can be achieved through various practices:

  • Diet and lifestyle: Following Ayurvedic principles of diet and lifestyle that promote balance of the Doshas (Vata, Pitta, Kapha) can positively impact the mind. Each Dosha has a corresponding mental state. For example, imbalanced Vata can lead to anxiety and restlessness, while imbalanced Pitta can lead to anger and irritability. Following a diet and lifestyle that pacifies the dominant Dosha can help promote mental well-being.
  • Yoga and pranayama: Yoga practices and pranayama (breath control techniques) can help calm the mind and reduce stress. Yoga postures (asanas) can release physical tension, while pranayama can regulate the nervous system and promote mental clarity.
  • Meditation: Meditation helps train the mind to focus and achieve inner peace. By cultivating mindfulness and observing thought patterns without judgment, meditation can help regulate emotions and promote mental well-being.
  • Self-awareness: Developing self-awareness is crucial for understanding how your thoughts, emotions, and actions impact your mental state. Through practices like journaling or reflection, individuals can identify patterns and triggers that contribute to an imbalanced Manas.

Treatment of Manas Imbalances through Graha Chikitsa

Ayurveda recognizes the mind-body connection and emphasises mental well-being for overall health. Graha Chikitsa, also known as Manasa Roga, is a specialised branch of Ayurveda specifically dedicated to treating mental health conditions. It offers a comprehensive approach that addresses the root causes of mental imbalances and promotes holistic healing.

Understanding the Cause: Doshic Imbalances and Manas

Ayurveda posits that mental illnesses arise from imbalances in the three Doshas: Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. These Doshas govern various physiological and psychological functions.

  • Vata Dosha, associated with air and space elements, governs alertness, creativity, and movement. When imbalanced, it can manifest as anxiety, restlessness, and fear.
  • Pitta Dosha, associated with fire and water elements, governs digestion, metabolism, and emotions. Imbalances can lead to anger, irritability, and aggression.
  • Kapha Dosha, associated with earth and water elements, governs stability, structure, and growth. Imbalances can manifest as depression, lethargy, and attachment.

Graha Chikitsa practitioners diagnose mental health conditions by evaluating a patient’s physical and mental state. This holistic assessment helps identify the specific Doshic imbalances contributing to the mental distress.

Treatment Approaches in Graha Chikitsa

Graha Chikitsa offers a diverse range of treatment modalities to address mental health concerns. These approaches aim to restore balance within the mind and body, promoting overall well-being. Here are some key treatment methods:

  • Meditation and Yoga: These practices form the cornerstone of Ayurvedic psychiatry. Meditation helps calm the mind, reduce stress and anxiety, and improve focus. Yoga postures (asanas) promote physical and mental relaxation, enhancing emotional well-being.
  • Ayurvedic Massage Therapy: These massages, using medicated oils, balance the Doshas and promote relaxation. They are particularly beneficial for conditions like anxiety and depression.
  • Shirodhara: This therapy involves pouring a stream of warm oil onto the forehead. It has a calming effect on the mind, alleviating stress and anxiety.
  • Panchakarma: This detoxification process helps eliminate toxins from the body, which can contribute to mental health issues. Panchakarma can be beneficial for treating depression, anxiety, and other conditions.
  • Herbal Medicines: Graha Chikitsa utilizes specific herbal formulations based on the identified Doshic imbalance. These natural remedies can help manage symptoms and promote mental clarity.

Graha Chikitsa, with its focus on natural therapies and lifestyle modifications, offers a valuable approach to mental healthcare. By addressing the root causes of mental imbalances and promoting a holistic approach to well-being, Graha Chikitsa can significantly contribute to mental health and emotional well-being. Further research exploring the efficacy of these interventions alongside controlled clinical trials would be beneficial for integrating Graha Chikitsa into mainstream mental healthcare.

Psychosomatic Disorders: Insights and Management through Ayurveda and Yoga

In the contemporary age of rapid modernization, the prevalence of psychosomatic disorders has become increasingly evident. Modern lifestyles, characterized by relentless schedules and incessant demands, have led to a surge in stress-related ailments that afflict both the mind and body. This phenomenon underscores the profound interconnection between mental well-being and physical health, as elucidated by ancient Ayurvedic wisdom.

According to Ayurveda, the mind (Mana) and body (Sharir) are intricately linked, with disturbances in one invariably affecting the other. The revered sage Acharya Charaka expounded on this symbiotic relationship, asserting that prolonged physical ailments can precipitate mental disorders, and vice versa. This holistic perspective underscores the holistic nature of health, wherein equilibrium between the doshas (biological energies), agni (digestive fire), dhatus (tissues), and malas (waste products) is indispensable for overall well-being.

In the modern context, stress emerges as a predominant factor contributing to psychosomatic disorders. The relentless pursuit of success, coupled with the pressures of daily life, has fueled an epidemic of stress-related ailments worldwide. Ayurveda identifies stress, alongside emotions like anxiety, fear, anger, and depression, as potent catalysts for psychosomatic disorders. The erosion of mental equilibrium, exacerbated by the frenetic pace of modern life, precipitates a cascade of physiological responses that manifest as physical illness.

Acharya Sushruta elucidates the profound impact of mental factors on health, highlighting the pivotal role of Satvabala (mental strength) in mitigating stress-induced disorders. Ayurveda posits that when the equilibrium of Sharirika (physical) and Mansika (mental) doshas is disrupted, disease ensues. Stress, being a potent disruptor of this equilibrium, precipitates psychosomatic disorders by deranging the delicate balance between body and mind.

The management of psychosomatic disorders in Ayurveda encompasses a multifaceted approach aimed at restoring harmony between body and mind. Therapeutic modalities such as Yoga, Meditation, Pranayama, and Sadvritta (code of conduct) play pivotal roles in this endeavor. Yoga, with its emphasis on asanas (physical postures), pranayama (breath control), and meditation, offers profound benefits for both mental and physical well-being. By harnessing the power of breath and mindfulness, individuals can cultivate resilience and alleviate the burden of stress-induced disorders.

The holistic principles of Ayurveda underscore the importance of addressing the root causes of psychosomatic disorders, rather than merely treating symptoms. By harmonizing the body, mind, and spirit, individuals can embark on a journey towards lasting health and vitality. Through the integration of ancient wisdom and modern science, the management of psychosomatic disorders offers a paradigm of holistic healing that transcends conventional approaches.

The Integration of Ayurveda and Modern Science in Mental Health Research

The increasing influence of Western medicine in India has led to a growing emphasis on scientific validation for traditional healthcare systems like Ayurveda. While standardised approaches offered by modern science are crucial, it’s important to acknowledge the value of cultural perspectives on health and well-being.

The Challenge of Cultural Bias

Every culture possesses its own unique understanding of various aspects of life, including relationships, food, and health. The concept of Manas (mind) in Ayurveda is a prime example. Understanding Manas necessitates viewing the mind through an “Indian” lens, considering its historical and philosophical context. However, the dominance of Western scientific thought can lead to the dismissal of Ayurvedic concepts as “unscientific” or simply “irrational.”

This bias is particularly evident in the Indian medical field, where some modern doctors criticise Ayurveda for its lack of standardised clinical trials and mechanistic explanations. This can discourage students from exploring the potential benefits of Ayurveda, hindering its integration into mainstream healthcare.

Moving Forward: A Bridge Between Two Worlds

The criticism of Ayurveda need not be a roadblock to progress. Instead, it can be a catalyst for collaboration and integration. Here’s how we can bridge the gap:

  • Cross-cultural research: Studies investigating the effectiveness of Ayurvedic interventions for mental health conditions, alongside mechanistic research exploring the physiological correlates of Ayurvedic practices, can provide valuable evidence for integration.
  • Clinical trials: Well-designed clinical trials comparing Ayurvedic treatments with conventional therapies or placebos can establish the efficacy of Ayurvedic approaches for specific mental health conditions.
  • Open-mindedness: Encouraging open-mindedness within the medical field is crucial. Modern medical professionals can benefit from understanding the philosophical underpinnings and holistic approach of Ayurveda. Similarly, Ayurvedic practitioners can incorporate evidence-based practices from modern medicine.

By fostering collaboration and open-mindedness, we can create a space where both Ayurveda and modern science can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of mental health and well-being. This integrated approach can lead to the development of more effective and culturally-sensitive treatment options for a wider range of patients.

Conclusion

The concept of Manas in Ayurveda offers a unique and valuable perspective on mental health. It emphasises the interconnectedness of mind, body, and spirit, highlighting the importance of a holistic approach to well-being. Understanding the Ayurvedic perspective on Manas can contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mind and its role in mental health.

Treatment and Integration

Graha Chikitsa, a specialised branch of Ayurveda, offers a diverse range of treatment modalities for mental health concerns. These natural therapies and lifestyle modifications, including meditation, yoga, massage, and herbal remedies, aim to address the root causes of mental imbalances and promote overall well-being. Further research exploring the efficacy of these interventions and investigating the physiological mechanisms underlying Ayurvedic practices is needed for a more robust integration with modern mental healthcare.

The dominance of Western scientific thought can lead to a dismissal of Ayurvedic concepts. However, this should not be a barrier to progress. By fostering collaboration and open-mindedness, modern science and Ayurveda can complement each other. Cross-cultural research, well-designed clinical trials, and a willingness to understand each other’s philosophical underpinnings can pave the way for a more integrated approach to mental health. This integration holds the potential to develop more effective and culturally-sensitive treatment options for a wider range of patients.

The Future of Manas

The concept of Manas in Ayurveda holds promise for the future of mental health research. By delving deeper into this ancient wisdom and integrating it with the advancements of modern science, we can create a more holistic and effective approach to promoting mental well-being for all.

References

  1. Charaka Samhita
  2. Sushruta Samhita
  3. Ayurvedic concept of Manas (mind) in perception of knowledge https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349281713_MANAS_MIND_AND_MANOVIKARA_MENTAL_DISORDER_IN_AYURVEDA_A_REVIEW
  4. Concept of Manas (Psyche) in Ayurveda https://nimhans.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/8.-Concept-of-Manas-Psyche-in-Ayurveda_125-131.pdf
  5. Yoga Darshana
  6. Patanjali Yoga Sutra I.2
  7. Chāndogya Upanishad X.2, XI.1.
  8. Advanced Center for Ayurveda in Mental Health & Neurosciences, Bengaluru – CCRAS http://ccras.nic.in/content/advanced-center-ayurveda-mental-health-neurosciences-bengaluru
    Role of Ayurveda in Mental Health : An appraisal of CCRAS Research contribution(Background papers) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3705701/

About the Author

Preeth Nambiar (born 1978) is a multifaceted Indian figure: poet, journalist, educator, and humanitarian. His work exemplifies a unique blend of Eastern and Western thought. Rooted in Indian philosophy from his studies at Sringeri Math, one of the prominent centres of philosophy in India to promote the doctrine of non-dualism, Nambiar embarked on Ayurvedic studies, ultimately seeking a more holistic approach to well-being. This holistic perspective permeates his mystical and contemplative poetry collections which explore the depths of nature, life, and humanity. Nambiar’s dedication extends beyond the written word. He served as a teacher & Department Head (University of Cambridge, Maps International, Maldives) and founded the Writers Capital International Foundation, a prestigious organization fostering cultural understanding through literature (reaching over 87 countries). His influence extends further through educational endeavors and international diplomacy. Nambiar’s unwavering commitment to a holistic approach to life is evident throughout his career, inspiring others through his writing and leadership.

"On My Own" by Nina Ntoura

Book Review: “On My Own” by Nina Ntoura

Women writers have long been at the forefront of literature, offering unique perspectives and voices that enrich the literary landscape. In this tradition, Nina Ntoura emerges as a powerful voice, weaving together themes of self-discovery, resilience, and social justice in her collection “On My Own.”

Nina Ntoura’s “On My Own” is not merely a collection of poems and quotes; it’s a profound exploration of the human experience, delving deep into the complexities of life, identity, and the pursuit of one’s true self. Through her poignant verses and thought-provoking reflections, Ntoura invites readers on a journey of self-discovery and empowerment.

Nina Ntoura, a socially conscious artist born in Athens, channels her strong social sensitivity into her art. Her compositions are marked by profound meanings, often intertwined with mystical elements, echoing her deep connection to life’s mysteries. Ntoura’s love for ballads and her fearless creation of her own lyrics reflect her courage to express herself authentically and fearlessly. Her advocacy for justice, support for individual passions, and unwavering optimism shine through her work, inspiring readers to embrace their true selves and pursue their dreams with resilience.

Nina’s poems in “On My Own” traverse a vast emotional landscape, from introspective reflections on self-discovery to powerful declarations of resilience and hope. Through verses like “On My Own” and “To Be Yourself,” she captures the essence of independence and the journey towards self-acceptance. The raw emotion in pieces like “Living Dead” and “Struggle…” resonates deeply, reflecting the universal human experience of grappling with challenges and striving for personal growth.

Ntoura’s exploration of relationships and human connection is equally compelling. In poems like “By Your Side” and “May We Meet Again,” she celebrates the profound bonds of friendship and love, emphasizing the importance of support and companionship in life’s journey. Through her verses, she highlights the transformative power of genuine connection and the enduring strength it provides.

Moreover, Ntoura’s social commentary is incisive and impactful. In poems such as “Teens” and “World,” she addresses societal issues with empathy and insight, urging readers to embrace unity, compassion, and understanding. Her advocacy for the marginalized and vulnerable, as seen in pieces like “Save a Life” and “Nightbloods,” reflects her commitment to social justice and humanitarian values.

Themes of self-discovery, resilience, love, social justice, and the human experience permeate “On My Own.” Ntoura’s introspective exploration of identity and empowerment resonates deeply with readers, inspiring reflection and introspection. Her advocacy for social change and compassion underscores the transformative power of art in fostering empathy and understanding.

Nina Ntoura’s “On My Own” is a captivating testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the transformative power of self-expression. Through her evocative poetry and profound insights, Ntoura invites readers to embrace their true selves, forge meaningful connections, and strive for positive change in the world. With its depth of emotion and timeless wisdom, “On My Own” is a masterpiece that will resonate with readers long after they turn the final page.

The Injustice of Innocence: A Cry from India’s Prisons

Kerala, often hailed as “God’s Own Country,” is not the paradise it’s often romanticized to be. Instead, it’s a state torn by the tumultuous reign of violent Communists and pseudo-secular Congress leaders — a place where educated youth find themselves trapped in a cycle of despair. Faced with limited opportunities and a bleak future, many are forced to abandon their homeland in search of greener pastures, leaving behind a population that relies on humble livelihoods such as driving autorickshaws to make ends meet.

One among them was Ratheesh a youth who like many others drove an autorickshaws to find his livelhood. His autorickshaw was more than just a means of transport; it was a symbol of hope for his family — a lifeline in a world fraught with uncertainty. But one fateful day in September 2014, the threads of their lives unraveled before their eyes.

Ratheesh was accused of a crime he never committed — a robbery that shook the town to its core. The weight of false accusations bore down on his shoulders as he was dragged away by the very hands meant to protect him. Behind the cold, steel bars of a prison cell, he endured unimaginable suffering — both physical and emotional — as he was subjected to the cruelty of injustice.

As Ratheesh languished in captivity, his family’s world crumbled around them. His wife, burdened with the weight of shame and fear, struggled to make ends meet, while their children grappled with the harsh reality of their father’s absence. Days turned into weeks, and weeks into months, yet there seemed to be no end in sight to their suffering.

But just when hope seemed lost, a glimmer of light appeared on the horizon. In 2020, the truth came to light — an unexpected confession unveiled the innocence that had been buried beneath layers of deceit and corruption. With the weight of false accusations lifted from his shoulders, Ratheesh emerged from the darkness of his captivity, his spirit bruised and broken.

Yet, as he stepped back into the embrace of his family, he realized that the scars of his ordeal ran deep. The trauma of his wrongful imprisonment lingered like a shadow, casting a long shadow over their once bright future. After enduring years of pain and injustice, Ratheesh’s spirit could bear no more — overwhelmed by the relentless onslaught of despair, he made a decision to end his life, to escape the clutches of a system that had failed him at every turn. And as he took his final breath, he became yet another victim of a ruthless police department and a court system that questioned the very meaning of innocence.

The incident is not just an isolated one. Statistics paint a damning picture of the state of India’s prisons, revealing that a staggering 68 percent of inmates are mere undertrials — individuals who have not been convicted by any court of law. Among them, a disproportionate number hail from the socio-economically marginalized sections of society, with more than 65 percent belonging to the SC, ST, and OBC categories. Illiterate and barely literate, they stand at the mercy of a system that has long turned a blind eye to their plight.

This isn’t a new phenomenon. For decades, Indian jails have been inundated with the cries of the innocent, their voices drowned out by the cacophony of corruption and negligence. Forty years ago, the Supreme Court issued a scathing indictment of the prevailing state of affairs, deeming the high prevalence of undertrials in jails a “crying shame on the judicial system.” Yet, despite the passage of time, the plight of these forgotten souls has only worsened, with their numbers swelling year after year.

In 1978, undertrials accounted for 54 percent of India’s inmate population. By 2017, this figure had risen to a staggering 68 percent, a grim testament to the failure of the system to uphold the principles of justice and fairness. And while the Indian judicial system espouses the principle of “innocent until proven guilty,” the reality is far removed from this lofty ideal.

For the majority of undertrial prisoners, the road to justice is fraught with insurmountable obstacles. Illiterate and impoverished, they lack the means to secure bail or avail themselves of competent legal representation. As a result, they languish in jail for years, their lives on hold as they await the elusive promise of a fair trial.

But who is responsible for this travesty of justice? The answer lies in the very structure and functioning of the justice delivery system itself — a system that lacks the accountability to rectify its own failures. In countries like the US, the UK, and Germany, laws exist to compensate individuals for miscarriages of justice. Yet, in India, the victims of wrongful imprisonment are left to fend for themselves, their sense of justice forever shattered by years spent behind bars.

In the eyes of society, an undertrial prisoner is no different than a convict, their innocence tarnished by the damning finger of public opinion. For them, imprisonment is not just a deprivation of liberty, but a stain on their very humanity — a mark that society refuses to erase.

As the sun sets on another day in Kerala, the cries of the innocent echo through the corridors of India’s prisons, a poignant reminder of the urgent need for reform. It is time for the voices of the voiceless to be heard, for justice to be served, and for the promise of a better tomorrow to become a reality for all. The question is who is the real killer of Ratheesh? The rotten system of judiciary in India, the inhuman department of poilice in Kerala or a society that includes even the one who write this?